Valvular Heart Disease
10 pages
- Aortic RegurgitationAbbreviations AR: aortic regurgitation PMI: point of maximal impulse TTE: trans-thoracic echocardiography TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography PND: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea PR: pulmonic regurgitation ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker ARNI: angiote
- Aortic StenosisAbbreviations LFLG – Low Flow-Low Gradient LVH – Left Ventricular Hypertrophy TTE – Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography AVA – Aortic Valve Area BNP – Beta-Natriuretic Peptide ULN – Upper Limit of Normal TAVI – Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation TAVR – Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (prefe
- Aortic Stenosis InterventionAbbreviations TTE: Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography LVEF: Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction AS: Aortic Stenosis Introduction Options of fixing stenotic valves include percutaneous vs. open and valvuloplasty vs. replacement Decision should involve a Valve Team and should be individualized to every p
- Bicuspid Aortic ValveMost common congenital heart disease abnormality involving 1-2% of the population. Strong risk factor for developing early aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation and is associated with aortopathy such as aortic dissection and aneurysm. Should screen all first degree relatives. Types Fusion of right a
- EndocarditisGeneral Overview An Infection of the inner layers of the heart most commonly involving the valves. Infection can lead to destruction of the valve resulting in a number of cardiac complications including valvular insufficiency, heart failure, heart block, death. In addition, valve destruction and inf
- Mitral RegurgitationAbbreviations MR – Mitral Regurgitation LV – Left Ventricle MVP – Mitral Valve Prolapse POCUS – Point Of Care Ultrasound HOCM – Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy TTE – Transthoracic Echocardiography TEE – Trans-esophageal Echocardiography LBBB – Left Bundle Branch Block CRT – Cardiac Resynchro
- Mitral StenosisAbbreviations MS: mitral stenosis MR: mitral regurgitation AF: atrial fibrillation CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society ACC: American College of Cardiology AHA: American Heart Association Background Causes Majority of cases worldwide are due to rheumatic heart disease (most commonly affects the mi
- Mitral Stenosis InterventionAbbreviations TTE: trans-thoracic echocardiography TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography PMBC: percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation Introduction Options of fixing stenotic valves include percutaneous vs. op
- Prosthetic ValvesIntroduction Types: Mechanical Valves Ball-in-cage Single tilting Disc Bi-leaflet Advantages: Very durable (ideal for young patients) Disadvantages: Higher thrombotic risk No transcatheter options (all surgical) Bioprosthetic Valves Made of pericardial/bovine/cadaver tissue Advantages: Low risk of t
- Valvular DiseaseObjectives Identify common valvular lesions and be able to describe their associated typical murmurs Identify compensated physiology from decompensated in valvular heart disease Identify severe valvular pathology and describe principals of medical management, surgical management and follow up Introd