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- Aortic RegurgitationASE 2017 Native Valve Regurgitation Guidelines Etiology and Mechanism of AR Congenital/leaflet abnormalities Bicuspid, unicuspid, or quadricuspid aortic valve Ventricular septal defect Acquired leaflet abnormalities Senile calcification Infective endocarditis Rheumatic disease Radiation-induced valv
- Atrial SizeLeft Atrium ASE 2015 Chamber Quantification Guidelines Right Atrium ASE 2015 Chamber Quantification Guidelines LA Methods of Calculation Linear Measurement Area Volume Biplane Method of Disks (most common) 3D Volume RA Method of Calculation Linear Measurement Area Volume 3D Volume LA Volume Calculat
- Comprehensive TTE MeasurementsParasternal Measurements PLAX 2D Measurements Description ECG Echo LV Wall (septum, inferior wall) Thickness and LV End-Diastolic Dimension Level just below the MV leaflet tips. Perpendicular to LV long axis. Inner edge to inner edge. Peak of R Wave End-diastole: first frame after mitral valve clos
- Comprehensive TTE ViewsLHSC Protocol Download Further Reading 2019 ASE Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in Adults LHSC Echo Lab – ASE Guidelines and Standards (pdf) L
- Diastolic DysfunctionAdapted from ASE 2016: Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography Exceptions to Using the Algorithm Atrial fibrillation Mitral annular calcification (moderate or greater) Mitral stenosis (any) or mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater) Mitral val
- LV Size and FunctionAdapted from ASE 2016: Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography Exceptions to Using the Algorithm Atrial fibrillation Mitral annular calcification (moderate or greater) Mitral stenosis (any) or mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater) Mitral val
- Mitral RegurgitationASE 2017 Native Valve Regurgitation Guidelines Etiology and Classification of MR Primary MR MVP myxomatous changes Prolapse, flail, ruptured or elongated chordae Degenerative changes Calcification, thickening Infectious Endocarditis vegetations, perforations, aneurysm Inflammatory Rheumatic, collage
- RV Size and FunctionAdapted from ASE 2016: Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography Exceptions to Using the Algorithm Atrial fibrillation Mitral annular calcification (moderate or greater) Mitral stenosis (any) or mitral regurgitation (moderate or greater) Mitral val
- Tricuspid RegurgitationASE 2017 Native Valve Regurgitation Guidelines Etiology and Mechanism of TR Primary leaflet abnormality Acquired disease Degenerative, myxomatous Rheumatic Endocarditis Carcinoid Endomyocardial fibrosis Toxins Trauma Iatrogenic (pacing leads, RV biopsy) Other (e.g., ischemic papillary muscle rupture